Bewertung ohne "Kapitalkosten": Ein arbitragetheoretischer Ansatz zu Unternehmenswert, Kapitalstruktur und persönlicher Besteuerung

Der Beitrag entwickelt ein umfassendes Modell zur Bewertung von Unternehmen auf der Grundlage der Arbitragetheorie. Es wird gezeigt, wie Steuern auf Unternehmens- und Kapitalgeberebene in konsistenter Weise abgebildet werden können, ohne auf das mit schwerwiegenden Mängeln behaftete Konzept der Kapitalkosten zurückzugreifen. Dabei werden in vielfältiger Weise Verbindungen zur dynamischen Kapitalstrukturtheorie gesucht. Die Arbeit orientiert sich bei den zu Grunde gelegten institutionellen Rahmenbedingungen, z. B. im Steuerrecht, an deutschen Verhältnissen. --Arbitrage,Unternehmensbewertung,Kapitalkosten,Kapitalstruktur,Einkommensteuer,EBIT-Modell

On the Ex Ante Valuation of IT Service Investments - A Decision Theoretical Perspective

The paradigm of service orientation and its incarnation in the form of service-oriented architecture (SOA) and information technology (IT) services play a crucial role in enabling companies to achieve considerable competitive advantages. However, to be able to leverage the opportunities of SOA and IT services, companies need to gain a thorough understanding of the business value of IT service investments. Nevertheless, research on IT services has focused mainly on technical questions so far; the economic perspective largely has been neglected. Therefore, the authors aim to contribute to the ex ante valuation of IT service investments from a decision theoretical point of view. Using decision theory as a theoretical base, the main aim is to identify and discuss specific challenges regarding the financial ex ante valuation of IT service investments, which arise from the inherent flexibility of IT services and the various interdependencies within a company’s IT service portfolio. The authors thereby emphasize that the application of common methods from financial theory for valuating IT service investments has to be treated with caution, as these methods are often tied to rather restrictive assumptions based on the specifics of capital markets. By analyzing different clusters of IT service investment decision problems using decision theory, the authors identify and discuss pitfalls that might occur when applying financial valuation methods to capture the flexibility and interdependencies of IT service investments. The decision theoretical considerations are intended to help build a solid basis for future multi-criteria valuation approaches, of which an essential component is a theoretically well-founded financial valuation

Shared genetic risk between eating disorder- and substance-use-related phenotypes:Evidence from genome-wide association studies

First published: 16 February 202

Dissecting the Shared Genetic Architecture of Suicide Attempt, Psychiatric Disorders, and Known Risk Factors

Background Suicide is a leading cause of death worldwide, and nonfatal suicide attempts, which occur far more frequently, are a major source of disability and social and economic burden. Both have substantial genetic etiology, which is partially shared and partially distinct from that of related psychiatric disorders. Methods We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 29,782 suicide attempt (SA) cases and 519,961 controls in the International Suicide Genetics Consortium (ISGC). The GWAS of SA was conditioned on psychiatric disorders using GWAS summary statistics via multitrait-based conditional and joint analysis, to remove genetic effects on SA mediated by psychiatric disorders. We investigated the shared and divergent genetic architectures of SA, psychiatric disorders, and other known risk factors. Results Two loci reached genome-wide significance for SA: the major histocompatibility complex and an intergenic locus on chromosome 7, the latter of which remained associated with SA after conditioning on psychiatric disorders and replicated in an independent cohort from the Million Veteran Program. This locus has been implicated in risk-taking behavior, smoking, and insomnia. SA showed strong genetic correlation with psychiatric disorders, particularly major depression, and also with smoking, pain, risk-taking behavior, sleep disturbances, lower educational attainment, reproductive traits, lower socioeconomic status, and poorer general health. After conditioning on psychiatric disorders, the genetic correlations between SA and psychiatric disorders decreased, whereas those with nonpsychiatric traits remained largely unchanged. Conclusions Our results identify a risk locus that contributes more strongly to SA than other phenotypes and suggest a shared underlying biology between SA and known risk factors that is not mediated by psychiatric disorders.Peer reviewe

Incentive Systems for Risky Investment Decisions Under Unknown Preferences: Ortner et al. Revisited

Ortner et al. (Manage. Account. Res. 36(1):43–50, 2017) propose the State-Contingent Relative Benefit Cost Allocation Scheme as an incentive system for risky investment decisions. The note at hand reveals the information distribution implicitly assumed within the framework of this study. Based on this information distribution, both simpler and more powerful ways to induce consistency exist

Reply to Ortner

I address the comments made by Ortner (Games 9(4): 93, 2018) in relation to my note “Incentive Systems for Risky Investment Decisions Under Unknown Preferences: Ortner et al. Revisited„ (Games 9(2): 26, 2018)